ENSINO SUPERIOR E EVASÃO ACADÊMICA: DESAFIOS À PERMANÊNCIA E À INCLUSÃO EDUCACIONAL
ENSINO SUPERIOR E EVASÃO ACADÊMICA: DESAFIOS À PERMANÊNCIA E À INCLUSÃO EDUCACIONAL
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Palavras-chave: Educação Superior, Evasão discente, Permanência estudantil, Políticas institucionais.
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Keywords: Higher Education, Student dropout, Student retention, Institutional policies.
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Abstract: Student dropout in Higher Education represents one of the most persistent and complex challenges of the Brazilian educational system, entailing significant losses for students, institutions, and society. The methodology adopted combines qualitative and quantitative approaches, using bibliographic analysis and secondary sources such as the Higher Education Census (INEP; SEMESP), which examine the factors behind student dropout in higher education. The study focuses on socioeconomic, academic, institutional, and subjective dimensions that influence students’ persistence or withdrawal from programs. It seeks to understand how historical inequalities and unequal democratization processes affect access to and retention in institutions. The analysis reveals that, although progress has been made in expanding higher education, student retention remains strongly marked by social inequalities and institutional factors, such as the lack of welcoming policies, pedagogical support, and financial assistance. It was identified that programs with greater selectivity and social prestige tend to attract students from higher socioeconomic backgrounds, showing different dropout rates compared to programs with lower profitability and social visibility, which are mostly attended by students from less privileged backgrounds. The study also observed that dropout rates vary across modalities: between 25% and 28% in on-campus courses and between 33% and 36% in distance education (EAD), with abandonment rates reaching 45% to 50% when considering full cohort trajectories. It is concluded that student dropout in higher education is a multifactorial phenomenon that cannot be understood merely as students’ “individual failure,” but as the result of multiple interrelated dimensions. In this way, the study contributes to the contemporary debate on the importance of effective institutional strategies that ensure not only access but also completion of higher education programs, reinforcing the social commitment of institutions to the training of qualified professionals and critical, participatory citizens.
- Anaisa Alves de Moura
- Elane Maria Beserra Mendes
- Carlos Natanael Chagas Alves
- Claudia dos Santos Costa
- Liana Liberato Lopes
- Marta Elisa Bendor
- Marcio Aurélio Frota Pereira