Efeitos Neuroprotetores do Canabidiol: Potencial Terapêutico nas Doenças de Alzheimer e Parkinson
Efeitos Neuroprotetores do Canabidiol: Potencial Terapêutico nas Doenças de Alzheimer e Parkinson
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.34214252011
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Palavras-chave: canabidiol; neuroproteção; doença de Alzheimer; doença de Parkinson; neuroinflamação.
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Keywords: cannabidiol; neuroprotection; Alzheimer’s disease; Parkinson’s disease; neuroinflammation.
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Abstract: Cannabidiol (CBD), the main non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid of Cannabis sativa, has emerged as a promising neuroprotective agent in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to analyze the therapeutic potential of CBD in these conditions through an integrative review of recent literature, compiling evidence from experimental and clinical research investigating its effects on cognitive and behavioral symptoms. Preclinical studies demonstrate that CBD exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and modulatory actions on pathways related to excitotoxicity and protein aggregation, which are fundamental processes in the pathophysiology of AD and PD. In AD, CBD reduces β-amyloid deposition and hyperphosphorylated tau, modulates microglial activation, and enhances the expression of neurotrophic factors, resulting in cognitive improvement and synaptic preservation. In PD, CBD protects dopaminergic neurons against apoptosis, decreases α-synuclein aggregation, and attenuates neuroinflammation, promoting motor and cognitive improvements in animal models. These effects arise from the compound’s interaction with multiple molecular targets, including CB1, TRPV1, and PPAR-γ receptors, as well as the modulation of pathways such as TLR4–NFκB and JAK–STAT. Despite the robust experimental evidence, controlled clinical trials are still insufficient to confirm its efficacy and safety in humans. Therefore, although CBD presents significant therapeutic potential as a neuroprotective agent in neurodegenerative diseases, its clinical application requires caution and depends on more comprehensive translational studies.
- Tiago Tizziani
- Mariana da Silva Mendes