EFEITOS DO ESTRESSE SALINO SOBRE ESPÉCIES DE PASSIFLORA L. PROPAGADAS POR SEMENTES E ESTACAS: RESPOSTAS MORFOFISIOLÓGICAS E ANATÔMICAS
EFEITOS DO ESTRESSE SALINO SOBRE ESPÉCIES DE PASSIFLORA L. PROPAGADAS POR SEMENTES E ESTACAS: RESPOSTAS MORFOFISIOLÓGICAS E ANATÔMICAS
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1232517101
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Palavras-chave: Cloreto de sódio, maracujazeiro, propagação, salinidade da água de irrigação, tolerância a salinidade.
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Keywords: Sodium chloride, passion fruit; propagation; irrigation water salinity; salinity tolerance.
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Abstract: Soil and water salinity is one of the main limiting factors for plant growth and development in semi-arid regions, significantly affecting salt-sensitive crops such as species of the genus Passiflora L.. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of salt stress on biometric, physiological, and anatomical parameters in three passion fruit species (Passiflora edulis, P. gibertii, and P. cincinnata), propagated by seeds and cuttings, in order to elucidate salt tolerance mechanisms and provide technical support for cultivation under saline conditions. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse under a completely randomized design in a 3 x 5 x 2 factorial scheme (species × salinity levels of irrigation water × propagation method), with four replications. Treatments consisted of five electrical conductivity levels of irrigation water (0.3, 1.8, 3.3, 4.8, and 6.3 dS m⁻¹). The evaluated variables included biometric traits (plant height, dry mass, number of leaves, stem diameter, root volume and length), physiological traits (total chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, total water consumption), and anatomical traits (leaf and root tissue thickness, vascular bundle organization, and presence of defense structures). Results showed that increasing salinity levels significantly reduced seedling growth, with greater sensitivity observed in seed-propagated plants. P. edulis exhibited higher biomass accumulation and chlorophyll content, but also showed the most severe anatomical changes, such as midrib disorganization, increased palisade parenchyma thickness, and calcium oxalate crystal deposition. The wild species P. gibertii and P. cincinnata showed less morphophysiological and anatomical damage, including the presence of trichomes and druses in the phloem region, indicating adaptive responses to salinity. Seedlings propagated by cuttings demonstrated better overall performance under salt stress, with greater vegetative vigor, more efficient water use, and fewer anatomical injuries. Structural changes in leaf and root tissues reflect morphoanatomical strategies for salt stress adaptation. These findings emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate species and propagation methods as mitigation strategies for salinity effects. In this context, the use of cuttings from P. gibertii and P. cincinnata is recommended in seedling production programs targeted at semi-arid environments.
- Regiana dos Santos Moura
- Rezanio Martins Carvalho
- João Carlos Rocha dos Anjos
- Jordânia Medeiros Soares
- José Gil dos Anjos Neto
- Risoneide de Cássia Zeferino Silva
- Eudinete Ribeiro de Sousa
- Luana Maria Alves da Silva
- Djavan Pinheiro Santos