EFEITO DO TREINAMENTO AERÓBIO E EXPOSIÇÃO AO CALOR SOBRE A FUNÇÃO CARDÍACA
EFEITO DO TREINAMENTO AERÓBIO E EXPOSIÇÃO AO CALOR SOBRE A FUNÇÃO CARDÍACA
-
DOI: 10.22533/at.ed.97523250915
-
Palavras-chave: Estresse térmico, termorregulação, função cardíaca, treinamento aeróbio
-
Keywords: Thermal stress, thermoregulation, cardiac function, aerobic training
-
Abstract: Introduction: Aerobic training in hot environments is responsible for a metabolic demand that impacts cardiac functioning, especially in athletes. Studies on the subject still lack information on the direct assessment of cardiac performance in this condition. Objective: To analyze and evaluate possible changes in the cardiac function of wistar rats after 4 weeks of training and exposure to heat, and to seek the translation of the results to the human species. Methodology: The experimental protocol of this study was approved under registration CEUA/ICBS nº 22/2022. The sample consisted of 12 Wistar rats, male (319.08 ± 7.53g) and adult (60 days), randomly divided to compose the groups: control (CTRL), exclusive exposure to heat (CAL) and exposure to heat and aerobic training (CATR). Cardiac function was analyzed using the Langendorff isolated heart method. The electrical activity was evaluated through the electrocardiogram (ECG) and, from this, the heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed. The training protocol consisted of performing aerobic training on a treadmill with an integrated heating chamber, developed in this laboratory, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. Body temperature was measured using a rectal thermometer and measurements were taken immediately after the treadmill test. Exposure to heat occurred by staying in the heating chamber at a temperature of 32°C (+ 0.5). Results: It was observed that passive exposure for 4 weeks promoted a reduction in heart rate (HR) in CAL (Pre vs. Post; p<0.05) and CATR (Pre vs. Post; p<0.05). The LVDP of the CAL group showed significantly higher values compared to CTRL and CATR (p<0.05). CATR, on the other hand, presented lower values in PDVE when compared to CTRL and CAL (p<0.05). When evaluating the colonic temperature (Tcol) and the time spent on the treadmill, all groups showed higher values compared to the moment prior to the application of the protocols (Pre vs. Post; p<0.05). On the ECG, the RR interval was greater in both groups when compared to the CTRL (Pre vs. Post; p<0.05), as well as the very low frequency component (VLF) of the HRV analysis (Pre vs. Post; p <0.05). Discussion The hypothesis that passive exposure without association with aerobic training can contribute to acclimatization was demonstrated with the reduction in HR at the end of the experimental period, despite still demonstrating higher LVDP, which suggests some degree of heat stress after 4 weeks . The analysis of the HRV showed greater parasympathetic action, through the increase in RR, and consequent lower sympathetic action on the heart, in addition to an increase in the VLF that is associated with withdrawal of sympathetic action and thermoregulatory adjustments. The lower LVDP in CATR suggests that the association of heat with exercise brings benefits to performance that may be related to changes in the kinetics of the ion channels responsible for phase 4 of the action potential in the P cells of the sinoatrial node. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is understood that passive exposure to heat associated with aerobic training confers adaptations, proposes safety and physiological advantages for athletic performance.
- Ronaldo André Castelo dos Santos de Almeida
- Gabriel Souza de Jesus
- Clarice Chagas de Páucar
- Luana Basílio Ferreira
- Marilene da Mata Gomes Patrício
- Gabrielle de Lima Monzato
- Ana Késsia do Nascimento Gomes
- César Francisco Maricato da Rosa
- Emerson Lopes Olivares
- Anderson Luiz Bezerra da Silveira