Doenças Periimplantares: Classificação, diagnóstico, prevalência, tratamento e fatores de risco locais e sistêmicos
Doenças Periimplantares: Classificação, diagnóstico, prevalência, tratamento e fatores de risco locais e sistêmicos
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.9382517095
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Palavras-chave: doenças periimplantares, mucosite, inflamação
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Keywords: Peri-implant diseases, Peri-implant mucositis, Inflammation
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Abstract: Peri-implant diseases (PIDs) are inflammatory complications associated with osseointegrated dental implants, resulting from an imbalance between bacterial biofilm and the host immune response. Clinically, PIDs may manifest as peri-implant mucositis, limited to mucosal inflammation, or as peri-implantitis, characterized by inflammation associated with progressive bone loss. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on the etiology, local and systemic risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of peri-implant diseases, highlighting their clinical implications. This review was based on the analysis of articles published between 2019 and 2024, selected from national and international databases. The findings demonstrate that peri-implantitis has a multifactorial etiology, in which local factors such as occlusal overload, inadequate prosthetic contour, and absence of keratinized mucosa interact with systemic factors including diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome, smoking, use of immunosuppressants, radiotherapy, and vitamin D deficiency. These factors contribute to the amplification of the inflammatory response and favor marginal bone resorption. Early diagnosis is essential and should include periodic probing of peri-implant tissues and radiographic examinations. Clinical management requires non-surgical mechanical therapies, resective or regenerative surgical techniques, and adjunctive therapies such as laser therapy and platelet-rich plasma, along with systemic risk factor control and regular maintenance. It is concluded that understanding the interaction between local and systemic factors is crucial for the prevention and effective treatment of peri-implant diseases, ensuring greater longevity of dental implants.
- Anna Luiza Barra Amazil Braga
- Matheus Lima Pereira
- Fabiane Minin de Andrade
- SaniviaAparecida de Lima Pereira