DISTURBIOS HIPERTENSIVOS DA GESTAÇÃO

• DOI: 10.22533/at.ed.09923091110

• Palavras-chave: Hipertensão; Gestacional; Distúrbios.

• Keywords: Hypertension; Gestational; Disorders.

• Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The National Education Program on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy defines four categories of hypertension in pregnancy: chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension. The objective of the work is to carry out a narrative bibliographical review, addressing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. METHODOLOGY: This is a literature review, of a narrative type, which aims to describe hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, from a theoretical point of view, through materials that have already been published on the topic in question, through analysis and interpretation of literature. The inclusion criteria were: articles in Portuguese and English; published between 2017 and 2023 and which addressed the themes proposed for this research, studies of this type made available in full. The review was carried out from July to September 2023, through searches in the databases Virtual Health Library (VHL), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), National Institutes of Health's Library of Medicine (PubMed) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). RESULT AND DISCUSSION: A maternal blood pressure measurement of 140/90 mm Hg or greater in two weeks before 20 weeks of gestation indicates chronic hypertension. Pharmacological treatment is necessary to prevent maternal end-organ damage caused by severely elevated blood pressure (150 to 180/100 to 110 mm Hg); Treatment of mild to moderate chronic hypertension does not improve neonatal outcomes or prevent superimposed preeclampsia. Gestational hypertension is a provisional diagnosis for women with new-onset nonproteinuric hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation; Many of these women end up suffering from pre-eclampsia or chronic hypertension. Preeclampsia is the development of new-onset hypertension with proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. Adverse pregnancy outcomes related to severe preeclampsia are primarily caused by the need for premature birth. HELLP syndrome (i.e., hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count) is a form of severe preeclampsia with high rates of neonatal and maternal morbidity. Magnesium sulfate is the medicine of choice for preventing and treating eclampsia. The use of magnesium sulfate for seizure prophylaxis in women with preeclampsia is controversial due to the low incidence of seizures in this population.