DESVENDANDO A RESISTÊNCIA BACTERIANA: PAPEL DAS BOMBAS DE EFLUXO, IMPACTO CLÍNICO E ALTERNATIVAS TERAPÊUTICAS

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.25724100711

• Palavras-chave: Antimicrobianos, Farmacorresistência, Produtos naturais, Fármacos.

• Keywords: Antimicrobials, Pharmacoresistance, Natural products, Drugs.

• Abstract: Bacterial resistance represents a growing challenge for global health, as warned by the World Health Organization. The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials has led to the proliferation of multidrug-resistant strains, threatening a return to the pre-antibiotic era. Bacteria can acquire resistance through processes such as genetic mutation and horizontal gene transfer. Efflux mechanisms, such as efflux pumps, play a crucial role in this process, allowing bacteria to eliminate antibiotics from the cytoplasm, decreasing their effectiveness. Furthermore, factors such as self-medication and lack of rational antibiotic use programs contribute to the spread of resistance. Staphylococcus aureus, especially the methicillin-resistant strain (MRSA), exemplifies this challenge, causing a variety of serious infections. In response to these challenges, researchers are exploring therapeutic alternatives, such as efflux pump inhibitors, to restore the effectiveness of antibiotics. Understanding the mechanisms underlying resistance, its clinical impact, and developing effective combat strategies are crucial to addressing this emerging threat to public health.