Desequilibrio dietético en el estado nutricional de una población de Ecuador
Desequilibrio dietético en el estado nutricional de una población de Ecuador
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.0062415021
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Palavras-chave: Evaluación Nutricional, Enfermedades nutricionales y metabólicas, Metabolismo, Nutrientes.
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Keywords: Nutritional Evaluation, Nutritional and metabolic diseases, Metabolism, Nutrients.
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Abstract: The appropriate balance of macronutrients is essential for maintaining body weight and preventing chronic diseases; in recent years, it has become an area of nutritional research. The aim of the study is to relate dietary imbalance with nutritional status and body composition in a population from Ecuador. This is a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study with non-random, convenience sampling. Data were obtained from the dietary history of 180 individuals, which included a 24-hour recall, anthropometric data, clinical data; allowing the evaluation of dietary macronutrient intake, nutritional status, and body composition. The data were processed with SPSS version 22 using chi-square tests, probability of risks. The results show that there is a high intake of non-nutritious foods leading to a dietary imbalance in 87.2% of young people and adults. This in turn significantly influences the nutritional status (p=.000), presenting malnutrition due to excess in 30% and due to deficit in 4.5%. Likewise, 42.8% of subjects were found with fat hypertrophy, and 30.6% with pre-sarcopenia, also constituting a cardiovascular risk. This is the reason why there is an imbalance in the consumption of nutrients, generating malnutrition both by excess and by deficit; the etiology of overweight and obesity can not only be due to high calorie intake but is associated with an imbalance of macronutrients, regardless of the total amount of energy consumed, related to sporadic consumption of saturated fat through fast foods. Therefore, nutritional dietary treatment should not only focus on caloric restriction but on the balance of macronutrients according to the amount of calories, the reduction of subcutaneous adipose tissue, the conservation of muscle mass, and not only on weight loss.
- William Bayardo Galarza Esparza
- Carmen Patricia Viteri Robayo
- Cristina Alexandra Arteaga Almeida
- Kattyta Patricia Hidalgo Morales
- Tatiana Salome Moya Ocaña
- Verónica Elizabeth Guanga Lara