DESAFIOS METABÓLICOS E DE ESTILO DE VIDA APÓS A CIRURGIA BARIÁTRICA: MECANISMOS, RISCOS E IMPACTO A LONGO PRAZO
DESAFIOS METABÓLICOS E DE ESTILO DE VIDA APÓS A CIRURGIA BARIÁTRICA: MECANISMOS, RISCOS E IMPACTO A LONGO PRAZO
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.865132515029
Palavras-chave: "weight loss", "bariatric surgery", "gut microbiota", "hormonal regulation", "appetite control", "intestinal-brain axis"
Keywords: "weight loss", "bariatric surgery", "gut microbiota", "hormonal regulation", "appetite control", "intestinal-brain axis"
Abstract: Hormonal changes play a fundamental role in the effectiveness and sustainability of bariatric surgery, contributing to weight regulation, glycemic control, and satiety. Procedures such as Gastric Bypass lead to an increased production of GLP-1, a hormone that enhances insulin sensitivity, reduces gastric emptying, and promotes greater appetite control. At the same time, there is a reduction in ghrelin levels, decreasing the sensation of hunger and aiding in weight loss. These metabolic changes make surgery an effective alternative for patients with severe obesity and type 2 diabetes, often allowing disease remission. However, the long-term effectiveness of bariatric surgery depends not only on these hormonal adaptations but also on the patient’s commitment to lifestyle changes. Maintaining an active metabolism and reducing physiological hunger are essential to prevent weight regain. Adherence to a balanced diet and regular physical activity directly influences the durability of the surgery's positive metabolic effects. Additionally, individual responses to hormonal changes may vary, requiring continuous medical evaluation for monitoring and therapeutic adjustments. Another relevant aspect is the nutritional deficiencies that may arise due to changes in nutrient absorption after surgery. The need for supplementation with vitamins and minerals, such as iron, calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12, is common to prevent complications like anemia, osteoporosis, and neurological deficits. Multidisciplinary support from doctors, nutritionists, and psychologists is essential to ensure that patients follow appropriate dietary recommendations and maintain optimal metabolic support. Thus, bariatric surgery proves to be a powerful tool for metabolic control, provided it is associated with continuous follow-up and sustainable lifestyle changes.
- Jéssica Nataly Migoto
- Sheylla Karine Medeiros
- Ivana Medeiros Arouca
- Márcio de Figueiredo Andrade Júnior
- Naiara Caroline Pinto
- Ana Beatriz Carvalho de Oliveira Guilherme
- Taciane de Souza Polcelli
- Marilia Ferreira Camargo
- Beatriz de Souza Sanches
- Bárbara Vitória Lobato Roriz
- Rafaela Barbosa de Lima
- Grazielle Coelho Costa