Deficiência Intelectual: Enquadramento Conceptual, Diagnóstico e Perspetivas Educativas
Deficiência Intelectual: Enquadramento Conceptual, Diagnóstico e Perspetivas Educativas
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.3761226130210
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Palavras-chave: Deficiência intelectual; Funcionamento intelectual; Comportamento adaptativo; Educação inclusiva
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Keywords: Intellectual disability; Intellectual functioning; Adaptive behavior; Inclusive education
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Abstract: Intellectual disability is a complex condition that has undergone significant conceptual evolution over recent decades. This paper provides an integrated review of the concept of intellectual disability, addressing its definition, theoretical framework, diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, etiology, and educational implications. Currently, intellectual disability is understood as a condition that emerges during the developmental period, characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which affect an individual’s autonomy and social participation. The transition from biomedical models to a biopsychosocial approach highlights the role of environmental and contextual factors in the experience of disability. The main causes of intellectual disability are examined, including biological, genetic, and psychosocial factors, as well as the importance of a multidimensional assessment in the diagnostic process. Furthermore, the relevance of support systems is explored as a fundamental strategy for promoting the development and social inclusion of individuals with intellectual disability. In the educational domain, there has been a shift toward inclusive education practices, which recognize the right of all students to participate in mainstream educational settings. It is concluded that promoting an inclusive, person-centered approach is essential to ensure equal opportunities, value diversity, and foster the development of more just and equitable societies.
- Sandra Campinos Rodrigues
- Maria
- Marta Silva