CIRURGIA BARIÁTRICA E METABÓLICA COMO OPÇÃO TERAPÊUTICA PARA DOENÇA HEPÁTICA GORDUROSA NÃO ALCÓOLICA EM INDIVÍDUOS COM OBESIDADE: MANUAL DE ORIENTAÇÕES E CONDUTAS
CIRURGIA BARIÁTRICA E METABÓLICA COMO OPÇÃO TERAPÊUTICA PARA DOENÇA HEPÁTICA GORDUROSA NÃO ALCÓOLICA EM INDIVÍDUOS COM OBESIDADE: MANUAL DE ORIENTAÇÕES E CONDUTAS
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.65424141021
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Palavras-chave: Obesidade; Cirurgia Bariátrica; Hepatopatia Gordurosa não-Alcoólica; Derivação Gástrica; Gastrectomia.
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Keywords: Obesity; Bariatric Surgery; Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Gastric Bypass; Gastrectomy.
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Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as an excessive accumulation of fat in the liver (above 5% of the total liver content) in individuals who do not have significant alcohol consumption or other specific causes of liver disease. Because of its strong association with obesity, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension and insulin resistance, this condition is recognized as a hepatic phenotype of the metabolic syndrome. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment option for severe obesity and associated metabolic comorbidities. Several longitudinal studies have documented the remarkable benefit of bariatric surgery in NAFLD in close relation to the reversal of insulin resistance. This guideline aims to discuss the main surgical treatment modalities proposed for individuals with obesity associated with NAFLD. Although most bariatric surgical techniques present consistent results in relation to the improvement and resolution of NAFLD and NASH, the current findings mainly favor Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. It is important to note that, in patients with more advanced liver disease and potential risk of progression to liver cirrhosis with indication for liver transplantation, or even in individuals with established cirrhosis, sleeve gastrectomy is the technique with the most appropriate risk/benefit ratio, since it preserves anatomically normal endoscopic access to the duodenal papilla and biliary tree and does not compromise the absorption of immunosuppressants. It is also important to consider that, in patients with already manifest liver cirrhosis, moderate to severe portal hypertension and hepatocytic insufficiency are contraindications to any bariatric technique, due to the prohibitive perioperative mortality. In these individuals, liver transplantation is recommended prior to bariatric surgery. In summary, careful selection of the surgical procedure and of eligible patients is essential for the evaluation and management of NAFLD regarding bariatric/metabolic surgery within this context.
- Carollyne Rodovalho Guerra Carneiro
- Everton Cazzo