CATALISADORES HETEROGÊNEOS DO TIPO ÓXIDOS PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL POR TRANSESTERIFICAÇÃO
CATALISADORES HETEROGÊNEOS DO TIPO ÓXIDOS PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL POR TRANSESTERIFICAÇÃO
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.909122430102
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Palavras-chave: Catalisadores heterogêneos; Biodiesel; Óxidos, Transesterificação, Sustentabilidade ambiental.
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Keywords: Heterogeneous catalysts; Biodiesel; Oxides, Transesterification, Environmental sustainability.
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Abstract: The reduction in the emission of gases responsible for the greenhouse effect has been creating a demand for less polluting fuels, such as biodiesel. The mixture of biodiesel and diesel was instituted with the objective of reducing emissions of pollutants that are harmful to the environment and the health of the population. Currently, the mandatory content of biodiesel added to diesel is 14%. In Brazil, most biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils with the use of alcohol and a homogeneous catalyst by transesterification reaction. The growing interest in the use of heterogeneous catalysts has increased due to some advantages over homogeneous ones, such as the fact that they are recovered and reused in the process, reducing production costs. Some disadvantages of homogeneous catalysis are also avoided, such as reactor corrosion and saponification in the reaction medium. Heterogeneous catalysts used in this process include metal oxides, ion exchange resins, enzymes, zeolites, and others. The choice of catalyst depends on the feedstock used, reaction conditions, economic viability and environmental sustainability. This work aims to make a bibliographic review on the theme heterogeneous catalysts for the production of biodiesel by transesterification. The methodology consisted of an exploratory research with a bibliographic survey of the last five years. Among the types of heterogeneous catalysts, the review addresses pure, doped or modified metal oxides, evaluating the efficiency of transesterification through conversion into esters and/or reaction yield. Results suggest oxides as promising catalysts for biodiesel production, with high levels of ester conversion and reaction yields. Calcium Oxides from calcination of natural residues also showed excellent results of catalytic activity for the production of biodiesel. In this case, they also present themselves as more sustainable catalysts, as they allocate a use to waste without added value.
- Roberta Gaidzinski
- Bruno Luiz e Souza
- Leonardo da Silva Marinho
- Neyda de la Caridad Om Tapanes
- Ana Isabel de Crvalho Santana
- Wilma Clemente de Lima Pinto