CATADORES DE MATERIAIS RECICLÁVEIS: FORMAÇÃO HISTÓRICA, TRABALHO E SOBREVIVÊNCIA NO CAPITALISMO PERIFÉRICO BRASILEIRO
CATADORES DE MATERIAIS RECICLÁVEIS: FORMAÇÃO HISTÓRICA, TRABALHO E SOBREVIVÊNCIA NO CAPITALISMO PERIFÉRICO BRASILEIRO
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.680112610025
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Palavras-chave: Catadores de materiais recicláveis. Formação histórica. Capitalismo periférico. Descartabilidade humana. Precarização do trabalho.
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Keywords: Waste pickers. Historical formation. Peripheral capitalism. Human disposability. Labor precariousness.
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Abstract: This chapter examines the historical formation of waste pickers in Brazil and their contemporary working and survival conditions in peripheral capitalism, demonstrating how these workers constitute a paradigmatic expression of human disposability produced by neoliberal rationality. From a historical-critical and interdisciplinary perspective, the investigation covers two complementary analytical axes. The first reconstructs the historical trajectory of the activity, from the origins of material recovery in pre-industrial societies to the legal and political recognition of the category in contemporary Brazil, with emphasis on the relations between accelerated urbanization, industrialization, growing waste production, and the emergence of waste picking as a survival strategy for historically vulnerable populations. The decisive role of collective organization — through cooperatives, associations, and the National Movement of Waste Pickers — in achieving normative milestones such as inclusion in the Brazilian Classification of Occupations (2002), Decree No. 5,940/2006, and Law No. 12,305/2010 (National Solid Waste Policy) is also analyzed. The second axis examines the concrete condition of waste pickers in peripheral capitalism, investigating their social profile — marked by the intersection of class, race, gender, and territorial vulnerabilities —, the relations between work, unstable income, and vulnerability, the processes of informality and precariousness, the economic invisibility of the category's productive contribution, mechanisms of social stigma, and the resulting experiences of social suffering. It is demonstrated that waste pickers paradigmatically synthesize the tension between economic indispensability and social disposability: they produce widely recognized environmental and economic value, but remain subject to persistent conditions of institutional fragility, insecurity, and insufficient recognition. It is concluded that their reality reveals the limits of contemporary forms of social citizenship and legal protection of labor.
- Janile Gadelha Rocha