Breve historia de la democracia: Un análisis de los principios que sostienen su funcionalidad y los considerandos para la política moderna peruana
Breve historia de la democracia: Un análisis de los principios que sostienen su funcionalidad y los considerandos para la política moderna peruana
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.4702510038
Palavras-chave: Democracia, crisis social, Platón, Chantal Mouffe, Nancy Fraser
Keywords: Democracy, social crisis, Plato, Chantal Mouffe, Nancy Fraser
Abstract: In the diverse landscape of international politics, representativeness has constituted a basis of democratic legitimacy that reflects centuries of social evolution and civic engagement. However, the generalized adoption of representative systems doesn't guarantee inherently a nation's political stability or effective social democracy, for as the protests in Western Europe and the growing political polarization in Latin America have shown, a representative system is not enough to live in a culture of peace. These challenges underline the need for an analytical reassessment of democracy, as a system designed to promote equality can become distorted and turned into a facade of control by an elite minority. In this sense, in this article an analysis is developed that starts from the classical bases of democracy and is updated on the basis of modern antagonistic conflicts, in order to provide a vision of sustenance and functionality that would allow us to reconcile society. To this end, an analysis was carried out in three stages: (1) an analysis of the constitutive bases of democracy; (2) a critical analysis of the current situation of society analyzed through the Peruvian reality; and (3) the structuring of some considerands for modern politics, in such a way that a proposal can be made to improve democratic relations and search for a culture of peace. When analyzing the foundations of democracy, from its ideological constitution in Plato's philosophy, it is found that a democratic ideological state should be one where its citizens have a positive freedom that coexists in accordance with the common good, a society where there exists an adequate distribution of goods, and which is governed by its most virtuous representatives, not only those in knowledge, but in all moral action. In this way, it's possible to avoid the extreme deviations that lead to the breakdown of society in totalitarian states. Then, by extrapolating Plato's analysis to contemporary societies, it was appreciated that modern states are constructs of multiple characteristics. Peru, in particular, is a timocracy, suggested by oligarchy, where democracy is only the legal structure in which the governors are sedimented. This type of state, where antagonistic polarization fragments the country and politics is disfavored, first needs a process of social reconstitution. In this sense, the analysis carried out showed that in order to put a failed democratic system back on track, it's possible to propose a social restitution based on Mouffe's agonistic dialogue and Fraser's restorative considerations. This article seeks to provide a more holistic view of the democratic structure and a means for its reconstitution in a culture of peace.
- Erika Márjory Huamaní Rimachi
- Joseph Hernán Peña Echevarría