BIOMARCADORES DE RESISTÊNCIA NO CÂNCER: A CHAVE PARA O SUCESSO DAS TERAPIAS ALVO E NOVAS ESTRATÉGIAS TERAPÊUTICAS?

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.445172411209

• Palavras-chave: Terapias alvo; oncologia personalizada; medicina de precisão.

• Keywords: Targeted therapies; personalized oncology; precision medicine.

• Abstract: Targeted therapies are one of the most advanced approaches in cancer treatment, offering more precise interventions by acting directly on dysregulated molecules or signaling pathways in tumor cells. However, resistance to treatment, whether intrinsic or acquired, represents one of the greatest obstacles to the success of these therapies, compromising their long-term efficacy. Resistance biomarkers stand out as essential tools for personalizing cancer treatment, enabling patient stratification, monitoring therapeutic efficacy, and predicting emerging resistance during the course of treatment. Resistance mechanisms, such as mutations in the therapeutic target, activation of compensatory pathways, cellular plasticity, and influence of the tumor microenvironment, highlight the biological complexity of cancer and the remarkable adaptive capacity of malignant cells. This article critically reviews the main biomarkers of resistance in targeted therapies, addressing their molecular mechanisms and discussing their clinical implications. Emerging strategies to overcome resistance are also explored, including the use of new-generation inhibitors, combination therapies, and liquid biopsy monitoring. The continuous identification and validation of new biomarkers will be crucial for the advancement of personalized medicine, enabling more effective and long-lasting therapeutic adaptations, with significant impacts on patients' survival and quality of life.