BASES NEUROBIOLÓGICAS DA DEPRESSÃO MAIOR: DA NEUROINFLAMAÇÃO AO TRATAMENTO PERSONALIZADO
BASES NEUROBIOLÓGICAS DA DEPRESSÃO MAIOR: DA NEUROINFLAMAÇÃO AO TRATAMENTO PERSONALIZADO
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.842162512064
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Palavras-chave: Depressão maior; Neuroinflamação; BDNF; Farmacogenética; Psiquiatria personalizada; Biomarcadores; Cetamina; Psilocibina.
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Keywords: Major depression; Neuroinflammation; BDNF; Pharmacogenetics; Precision psychiatry; Biomarkers; Ketamine; Psilocybin.
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Abstract: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifactorial psychiatric condition characterized by neuroendocrine, inflammatory, genetic, and neuroplastic alterations. This chapter reviews the main pathophysiological mechanisms associated with MDD, emphasizing the hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, neuroinflammation mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β), and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Emerging biomarkers (high-sensitivity CRP, PET with microglial tracers, and CYP genotypes) are discussed, along with treatment strategies based on molecular mechanisms, including ketamine, anti-inflammatories, and psychedelics. The text also presents recent clinical trials exploring precision psychiatry, focusing on biological subtypes of depression. It is concluded that integrating biomolecular data into clinical practice may transform depression management, enabling more effective and individualized interventions.
- Lucas Fernandes Linhares
- Amanda Fernandes Linhares