BANCO DE ÓRGÃOS E TECIDOS: O PAPEL DA CRIOPRESERVAÇÃO NO ARMAZENAMENTO E UTILIZAÇÃO EM TRANSPLANTES

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.767142518039

• Palavras-chave: Criopreservação; Biobancos; Armazenamento de órgãos; Transplantes.

• Keywords: Cryopreservation; Biobanks; Organ storage; Transplants.

• Abstract: Cryopreservation, a technique that allows the storage of tissues and organs at cryogenic temperatures, has proven to be indispensable in the advancement of regenerative medicine, transplantation, and biomedical research. This process preserves cell viability and structural integrity for long periods, consolidating itself as a pillar in the functionality of biobanks, which are essential to meet the growing demand for high-quality biological samples. This article comprehensively reviews the theoretical and technical principles of cryopreservation, exploring its applications in the storage of complex tissues and organs, as well as the associated limitations, such as the toxicity of cryoprotectants and the structural damage caused by the formation of ice crystals. Additionally, emerging advances are discussed, such as the use of nanoparticles and the integration of artificial intelligence for protocol optimization. Despite the still existing technical and logistical challenges, future prospects indicate that cryopreservation will continue to play a transformative role in expanding the availability of tissues and organs for clinical and experimental use. The article emphasizes the importance of continued technology development and global collaboration to overcome current barriers, strengthening the ability of biobanks to meet the needs of contemporary and future medicine.