Avanços na Tecnologia de Interface Cérebro-Computador para Prótese Neural

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.798112521039

• Palavras-chave: Interface Cérebro-Computador; próteses neurais; decodificação neural; feedback sensorial; aprendizado de máquina; biocompatibilidade; ética em neurotecnologia.

• Keywords: Brain-Computer Interface; neural prosthetics; neural decoding; sensory feedback; machine learning; biocompatibility; ethics in neurotechnology.

• Abstract: The integration of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) with neural prosthetics represents a transformative advancement in the rehabilitation of individuals with severe motor impairments. These technologies enable the capture and decoding of brain signals to control external devices, offering new possibilities for the recovery of lost motor functions. This review article critically examines recent advances in the field of BCIs applied to neural prosthetics, focusing on neural signal acquisition techniques, processing and decoding algorithms, and integration with sensory feedback systems. Technical challenges are addressed, such as the biocompatibility of invasive electrodes, system adaptation to physiological variations in signals, and the need for real-time control with multiple degrees of freedom. In addition, ethical considerations related to the use of these technologies are discussed, including neural data privacy, user autonomy, and inequalities in access. The analysis concludes that although the advances are significant, overcoming these technical and ethical challenges is essential for the development of neural prosthetics that not only restore mobility but also promote users' autonomy, dignity, and well-being. Thus, continued progress will depend on interdisciplinary efforts integrating neuroscience, biomedical engineering, and artificial intelligence to create more effective and accessible solutions, aligned with an ethical and socially responsible approach.