Autocuidado e adesão ao tratamento entre usuários hipertensos atendidos na Atenção Primária à Saúde
Autocuidado e adesão ao tratamento entre usuários hipertensos atendidos na Atenção Primária à Saúde
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.622152518124
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Palavras-chave: Hipertensão. Adesão ao tratamento. Autocuidado. Letramento em Saúde. Atenção Primária à Saúde. Educação em saúde.
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Keywords: Hypertension. Treatment adherence. Self-care. Health literacy. Primary Health Care. Health education.
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Abstract: Introduction: Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and remains a priority challenge in Primary Health Care (PHC), especially among ageing populations with low educational attainment and multiple socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Insufficient treatment adherence, associated with behavioral factors and low health literacy (HL), represents a major barrier to adequate blood pressure control and self-care. Objective: To analyse factors associated with adherence to antihypertensive treatment among individuals with SAH followed in PHC. Methods: A qualitative–quantitative, exploratory, prospective cohort study was conducted with 287 hypertensive patients from a Primary Health Care Unit. Sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral questionnaires were applied, in addition to the Morisky–Green Medication Adherence Scale. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regression. Results: The sample was predominantly female (67.3%), older adults (65.1%) and individuals with low educational levels (62.5%). Treatment adherence was classified as high in 32.4%, intermediate in 45.3% and low in 22.3% of participants. After multivariate adjustment, alcohol consumption (OR = 2.92; 95% CI: 1.11–7.72) and poor understanding of laboratory test results (OR = 3.45; 95% CI: 1.48–8.03) remained significantly associated with lower adherence to treatment. Sociodemographic variables did not remain statistically significant in the adjusted model. Conclusion: Adherence to SAH treatment was strongly associated with behavioral and cognitive factors, particularly alcohol consumption and limitations in health literacy. Strengthening supported self-care and accessible communication strategies represents a key axis for improving PHC quality and enhancing outcomes in hypertension control.
- ROSANE APARECIDA GOMES MOSCARDINI ALONSO ALONSO
- ROSANE APARECIDA GOMES MOSCARDINI ALONSO
- Dra. Marisa Afonso Andrade Brunherotti
- Dra. Regina Helena Pires