ASPECTOS DA POLIPLOIDIA COMO FERRAMENTA PARA A PISCICULTURA

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.9852426113

• Palavras-chave: Reprodução; gametas; divisão celular; cromossomo

• Keywords: Reproduction; gametes; cell division; chromosome

• Abstract: Aquaculture in Brazil has potential due to good natural conditions and a favorable climate. Global demand for fish-derived proteins has steadily increased over the past few decades, and is expected to continue to increase due to population growth, urbanization and demand for healthy foods. Therefore, the need to implement genetic improvement programs for these species is notable, both through classical selection and the application of chromosomal manipulation. Polyploidy began to be studied by geneticists in the period from 1910 to 1930. Polyploid individuals are organisms with the addition of one or more sets of chromosomes, the objective is to inhibit the mechanisms that would lead to the expulsion of the second polar body in metaphase II of meiosis, retaining two maternal chromosome sets in the egg, resulting in a triploid zygote. Various techniques for inducing polyploidy in aquatic organisms have been applied, such as: the induction technique that uses thermal shock, hydrostatic pressure, chemical treatments, electric shocks, or the creation of diploids with tetraploid reproductives. Various identification techniques can assess an individual's polyploidy such as estimating the size of red blood cells, measuring nuclear volume or erythrocyte diameter by analyzing genetic markers such as allozymes and microsatellites and cytogenetic analysis. Therefore, studies are needed to enable and adjust protocols, such as the use of electric or chemical shock, so that they can obtain more efficiency in the polyploidy technique in fish.