Aplicações da biologia molecular na ciência das plantas daninhas
Aplicações da biologia molecular na ciência das plantas daninhas
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.4482408077
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Palavras-chave: marcadores moleculares; organismos geneticamente modificados; resistência a herbicidas; RNA de interferência (RNAi); sequenciamento; silenciamente gênico
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Keywords: molecular markers; genetically modified organisms (GMOs); herbicide resistance; RNA interference (RNAi); sequencing; gene silencing
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Abstract: The chapter addresses the applications of molecular biology in weed science, highlighting the rapid adoption of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in modern agriculture. Weeds exhibit high genetic diversity, adapting quickly to environmental changes and intensive herbicide use, leading to the development of resistance. Molecular biology offers various techniques to study and manage this resistance. These include genomic characterization, identification of resistant species, and the use of molecular markers such as RFLP and SSR, which aid in the analysis of genetic diversity and resistance. Genomic techniques are also employed to identify mutations that confer resistance, allowing for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved. Post-transcriptional gene silencing, especially via RNA interference (RNAi), is highlighted as a promising tool to circumvent weed resistance to herbicides. This specific technique can deactivate genes responsible for resistance without altering the plant's genome. Molecular biology techniques deepen the understanding of interactions between weeds and the environment, and further research is needed for practical application on a large scale, especially for the use of RNAi in weed control.
- Marcos Roberto Ribeiro-Junior
- Francisco José Domingues Neto
- Daniele Maria do Nascimento