Abstract: The species Vachellia farnesiana belongs to the Fabaceae family (Leguminosae) and developing well in soils considered not propitious. V. farnesiana is used as a medicinal plant, but there is no report of its medicinal activities. This work describes the study of the phytochemical profile, evaluation of the toxicity, antioxidant activity and total flavonoid content of ethanolic extracts of the leaves (ELE) and stem (ESE) of V. farnesiana. The phytochemical profile by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) indicated the presence of terpenoid compounds, sugars, flavonoids and coumarins. Phytochemical tests indicated the presence of flavonoids, free steroids, coumarins and alkaloids classes. The ELE (DL 50 = 8,3 mg mL -1 ) and ESE (DL 50 = 21 mg mL -1 ) were not toxic to Artemia salina. The total flavonoid content in the ELE was higher (71,85 ER g -1 extract) than total flavonoid content in the ESE (21,65 ER g -1 extract), the percentage of antioxidant activity of ESE was higher (approximately 90% to 625 µg mL -1 ), comparable to the Trolox® standard. This is the first report of the phytochemical profile of the ESE of V. farnesiana, which contributes to the chemotaxonomic knowledge of this species.