ANÁLISE DAS QUESTÕES DE PROBABILIDADE NO ENEM: COMPETÊNCIAS, HABILIDADES E NÍVEIS COGNITIVOS EM FOCO (2018 – 2024)

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.5791125280210

• Palavras-chave: Educação Matemática; Enem; Probabilidade

• Keywords: Mathematics Education; Enem; Probability

• Abstract: This study analyzed probability questions on the ENEM exams between 2020 and 2024, based on the Mathematics and Technologies Reference Matrix. The qualitative and quantitative research used document analysis of official INEP exams, systematizing data on skills mobilized (H28, H29, and H30), thematic contexts, question frequency, and complexity levels. The results indicate that probability is addressed in a recurring, contextualized manner, focusing on the practical application of concepts and critical analysis of everyday situations. Most items involve sample space, risk analysis, conditional probability, data-based argumentation, promoting skills such as logical reasoning, critical reading, and informed decision-making. Skills H28 and H30 were the most frequent, demonstrating the value placed on applied knowledge and judgment in probabilistic contexts. These findings align with the ENEM's proposal to use mathematics as a tool for interpreting phenomena and acting reflectively. The study reinforces the importance of pedagogical practices that articulate theory and practice, promote statistical literacy, and contribute to the formation of critical and conscientious citizens.