AMBIÊNCIA E BEM-ESTAR ANIMAL EM BOVINOS LEITEIROS SOB ESTRESSE TÉRMICO: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.4482408079

• Palavras-chave: Bovinocultura de leite, conforto térmico, produção animal.

• Keywords: Dairy cattle farming, thermal comfort, animal production.

• Abstract: Dairy production in Brazil represents a fundamental pillar of agribusiness, playing a crucial role in the national economy. Dating back to the first decades of the colonial period, this activity is one of the most traditional in the country, deeply rooted in its agricultural history. Over the past five decades, we have witnessed remarkable growth in milk production in Brazil. In a period of constant expansion, the country rose to global prominence in this sector. In this productive scenario, thermal stress in dairy cattle is a significant concern for producers and experts in the agricultural sector. This phenomenon occurs when animals are exposed to environmental conditions that exceed their thermal regulation capacity, resulting in discomfort and negative impacts on health and milk production. The effects of heat stress on dairy cattle can be devastating. In addition to physical discomfort, heat stress can lead to a decrease in food and water intake, compromising the health and milk production of animals. Heat stress can also increase the incidence of disease, reduce reproductive efficiency and increase mortality, posing a serious challenge to the profitability of dairy production operations. In summary, heat stress represents a significant challenge for dairy producers, but with adequate management practices and the use of appropriate technologies, it is possible to minimize its effects and ensure the well-being and productivity of dairy cattle even in climatic conditions. adverse. This study aims to carry out a literature review addressing aspects related to the environment and animal welfare in dairy cattle when exposed to thermal stress, whether by heat or cold. The analysis of the physiological and behavioral responses of these animals to these adverse conditions stands out, aiming to provide valuable insights for the implementation of effective strategies for managing and mitigating heat stress in milk production systems.