AGONISTAS DUPLOS GLP-1/GIP EM 2025: EFICÁCIA SUSTENTADA, SEGURANÇA E INTEGRAÇÃO COM ISGLT2
AGONISTAS DUPLOS GLP-1/GIP EM 2025: EFICÁCIA SUSTENTADA, SEGURANÇA E INTEGRAÇÃO COM ISGLT2
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.6422501102
-
Palavras-chave: Agonistas GLP-1/GIP; Tirzepatida; Diabetes tipo 2; Obesidade; Inibidores de SGLT2.
-
Keywords: GLP-1/GIP agonists; Tirzepatide; Type 2 diabetes; Obesity; SGLT2 inhibitors.
-
Abstract: Obesity and type 2 diabetes remain global challenges, and by 2025 dual GLP-1/GIP agonists have emerged as a key innovation in metabolic pharmacotherapy. This integrative review critically synthesized evidence on sustained efficacy, safety, and integration with SGLT2 inhibitors. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and BVS (2021–2025), complemented by international (ADA, EASD) and national guidelines (SBD, ANVISA, CONITEC), including randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, relevant observational studies, and regulatory documents. Exclusion criteria comprised duplicate articles, studies focusing exclusively on triple agonists, publications without clinical efficacy or safety outcomes, editorials, comments, and case reports. Of 186 articles identified, 28 met inclusion criteria. Pivotal trials—large phase III studies that form the basis for regulatory approval—demonstrated consistent reductions in body weight and HbA1c, with moderate-to-high certainty up to 72 weeks. However, sustained effects at two years reached only moderate certainty due to attrition, i.e., the progressive loss of participants during follow-up, which can weaken the reliability of long-term conclusions. Adverse events were mostly gastrointestinal and manageable; serious complications were rare but clinically relevant (moderate certainty). Integration with SGLT2 inhibitors showed a plausible pathophysiological rationale and exploratory benefits, but evidence remains of low certainty. Cost and access barriers, particularly in middle-income countries, underscore the need for robust health economics data. In conclusion, dual GLP-1/GIP agonists represent a transformative innovation, but their consolidation depends on definitive cardiovascular and renal outcome trials, individualized risk management in vulnerable subgroups, and the establishment of equitable access models.
- Gustavo Rezende da Silva
- Ramon Fraga de Souza Lima