Agonistas do Receptor GLP-1 e Inibidores de SGLT2 na Prevenção de Doenças Neurodegenerativas: Perspectivas Atuais sobre Alzheimer e Demências Relacionadas

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.578132608059

• Palavras-chave: Doença de Alzheimer; Diabetes mellitus tipo 2; Agonistas do receptor GLP-1; Inibidores de SGLT2; Demência; Neuroproteção

• Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; GLP-1 receptor agonists; SGLT2 inhibitors; Dementia; Neuroprotection.

• Abstract: Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia worldwide and has a strong relationship with metabolic factors, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent evidence suggests that inflammatory, vascular, and metabolic alterations may contribute to the progression of cognitive decline, raising interest in the possible role of antidiabetic therapies in neuroprotection. This chapter reviewed evidence from the literature on the association between the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors and the risk of dementias, including Alzheimer's disease, in patients with type 2 diabetes. The reviewed studies include observational, comparative, and post-hoc analyses of clinical trials. Overall, the findings suggest a possible reduction in the risk of dementia associated with these therapies, with potential mechanisms involving inflammatory modulation, vascular improvement, and systemic metabolic effects. However, most of the evidence is still observational, limiting causal conclusions. It is concluded that, despite the promising results, prospective studies and randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the neuroprotective effects of these medications.