A proeminência do conceito de cidadania sacrificial para o exame do neoliberalismo: do homo oeconomicus ao capital empresarial, nacional e pós-nacional
A proeminência do conceito de cidadania sacrificial para o exame do neoliberalismo: do homo oeconomicus ao capital empresarial, nacional e pós-nacional
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.3572428104
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Palavras-chave: Neoliberalismo; Cidadania Sacrificial; Desdemocratização
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Keywords: Neoliberalism; Sacrificial Citizenship; De-democratization
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Abstract: The present theoretical reflection aims to highlight the prominence of the concept of sacrificial citizenship – elaborated by the american political scientist Wendy Brown – for the critical scrutiny of neoliberalism. It is argued that Wendy Brown had the ability to conjugate and, at the same time, overcome two of the philosophical traditions that stood in the enterprise of examining the deleterious effects of neoliberalism: marxist and foucaultian philosophies. The text discusses how Wendy Brown was able to identify the contributions and insufficiencies of (neo)Marxism and Foucault in this critical analysis of neoliberal domination. If, on the one hand, marxism focused its analysis on economic institutions and corollaries, neglecting the effects of a new governmental reason and the production of subjects (biopolitics), on the other hand, Foucault disregarded the unprecedented powers of global capital as a historical and social force. Thus, the article makes a brief incursion into the way in which these philosophical traditions understood neoliberalism, in order to highlight the relevance of Brown's examination. To this end, the present work highlights the concept of sacrificial citizenship, which defines the contemporary subject both as human capital of itself (a conception adjacent to the idea of homo oeconomicus, worked out by Foucault) and as human capital for a company, nation or post-national constellation (a perspective close to marxist reflection). The text concludes that Wendy Brown's critique is essential because it manages to discuss the controversial relations between individual capital and macrostructural capital and, above all, because it denounces how much neoliberalism lacerates habits and political actions based on an agonistic citizenship, dedemocratizing life and reducing it to the competitive game of the market.
- Bruno de Oliveira Cruz