VALORACIÓN AGRONÓMICA DE CUATRO CRIOLLOS SUPERIORES DE MAÍZ DE LA RAZA ZAPALOTE CHICO
VALORACIÓN AGRONÓMICA DE CUATRO CRIOLLOS SUPERIORES DE MAÍZ DE LA RAZA ZAPALOTE CHICO
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.973422408026
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Palavras-chave: Variedad nativa, caracterización, interracial
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Keywords: Native variety, characterization, intraracial
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Abstract: In Mexico, corn constitutes the central element in food, society, culture and economy. Traditional breeds are well adapted to local production conditions and uses, as well as preferences in specific types of grains for local dishes, making them a key component in food security. In Oaxaca, the most representative corn of the region of the Tehuantepec isthmus is the Zapalote Chico race, in which improvement and characterization work is scarce. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of four superior corn creoles of the Zapalote Chico breed. The work was carried out during the P-S 2018 agricultural cycle, on the land of the Comitancillo Technological Institute. Located between parallels 16°25' and 16°31' north latitude; the meridians 95°06' and 95°13' west longitude; at a height of 70 meters above sea level. The climate is warm subhumid with rain in summer, and a temperature of 22º, a precipitation range of 700 to 1200 mm. The genetic material used consisted of four superior creoles. In the agronomic evaluation, a completely randomized design was used with four treatments and 5 repetitions. The analysis of variance indicated that among the 4 treatments under study, highly significant differences were observed in days to male flowering, days to female flowering, plant height, ear height, number of rows per ear, number of grain per row, length of cob, cob diameter and grain yield. The above shows that, among native corn races, a great difference in agronomic characteristics predominates. This condition also occurs within the same race. It is concluded that the permanence and conservation of this native variety is a product of the continuity of its use in the Isthmus region of Oaxaca. Genetic variability predominates in the populations of the Zapalote Chico breed.
- José Manuel Cabrera Toledo
- Zulma Castillejos Antonio
- Juan Rendón Cruz
- Manuel Cabrera González