Uso do Ácido Acetilsalicílico na Prevenção de Eventos Cardiovasculares: Uma Revisão da Literatura
Uso do Ácido Acetilsalicílico na Prevenção de Eventos Cardiovasculares: Uma Revisão da Literatura
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.82082112624064
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Palavras-chave: Ácido acetilsalicílico; Doenças cardiovasculares; Prevenção primária; Prevenção secundária; Antiagregantes plaquetários; Infarto do miocárdio.
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Keywords: Acetylsalicylic Acid; Cardiovascular Diseases; Primary Prevention; Secondary Prevention; Antiplatelet Agents; Myocardial Infarction.
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Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for millions of deaths each year. Among the pharmacological strategies used to prevent these events, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) stands out due to its antiplatelet action, which occurs through the irreversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase, reducing platelet aggregation and thrombus formation responsible for cardiovascular events such as acute myocardial infarction and stroke. Because of this mechanism, ASA has been widely used in clinical practice for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. However, despite the well-established benefits of ASA in secondary prevention, its use in primary prevention remains a topic of debate in the scientific literature, mainly due to the balance between its potential benefits and the risk of adverse effects, especially hemorrhagic complications. The present study aims to analyze the role of acetylsalicylic acid in the prevention of cardiovascular events, discussing its therapeutic indications, clinical benefits, and possible risks associated with its use in both primary and secondary prevention strategies. The methodology consisted of a literature review based on scientific studies addressing the use of acetylsalicylic acid in the prevention of cardiovascular events. The selected studies evaluated the mechanism of action of the drug, its clinical applications, and outcomes related to the reduction of cardiovascular events, as well as investigations on the clinical profile of patients using this medication. The analyzed studies indicate that acetylsalicylic acid demonstrates significant effectiveness in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events, reducing the occurrence of new events in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease. However, regarding primary prevention, the benefits appear to be more limited and should be carefully evaluated considering the increased risk of bleeding events. Therefore, the use of ASA should be individualized, taking into account the patient’s clinical profile, cardiovascular risk factors, and the balance between therapeutic benefits and potential adverse effects.
- Iarlley Nogueira Nunes do nascimento
- Yasmin Alves Almeida Xavier
- Edgar Andrade Sousa Filho
- Ana Clara Nóbrega Arrais de Freitas
- Luiza Palacio Pinheiro
- Cicera Yara Feitosa
- Nívea Maria de Melo Ferreira