USE OF BIOLOGICAL THERAPIES IN THE TREATMENT AND MODULATION OF OSTEOARTHRITIS, A LITERATURE REVIEW

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.5157326050211

• Palavras-chave: Osteoarthritis; biological therapies; mesenchymal stem cells; cartilage regeneration.

• Keywords: Osteoarthritis; biological therapies; mesenchymal stem cells; cartilage regeneration.

• Abstract:

  .Knee chondral lesions and osteoarthritis represent a major clinical and public health challenge. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), osteoarthritis affects about 10% of the world's population. In addition, the Ministry of Health (MS) states that 6 to 12% of Brazilians live with this condition, especially individuals aged 65 years or older. Osteoarthritis and other chondral diseases significantly affect joint function and patients' quality of life. Given this, this study seeks to revisit existing biological therapies as relevant alternatives in the treatment of these conditions, reviewing in particular the use of cell therapies such as autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and the use of blood products such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The discussion will focus on the possible effects of these interventions on pain, joint function, and the impact on cartilage preservation described in the most relevant and recent studies. In addition, it will be possible to analyze the advantages and limitations of each approach, as well as discuss the current difficulties for standardization of protocols and the need for new studies to consolidate these strategies. In this sense, the objective of this study is to offer a critical reflection on these therapies based on randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, and consensus, contributing to the development of a critical bias within the academic community and ultimately encouraging evidence-based approaches to the management of knee joint diseases that affect not only the Brazilian population but also the global population.