An overview of Vascular Dementias: their characteristics and challenges for the correct diagnosis and treatment

• DOI: 10.22533/at.ed.15931323180210

• Palavras-chave: Vascular Dementia; Alzheimer's disease; Insanity; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System

• Keywords: Vascular Dementia; Alzheimer's disease; Insanity; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System

• Abstract:

  Dementias are currently classified mainly as Vascular Dementia (DV) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the latter being the most prevalent worldwide and the main differential diagnosis of the former, since some of its pathophysiological mechanisms, as well as their clinical presentations are congruent. In this sense, the pathophysiological mechanisms, the clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics of VD are of fundamental importance for the correct diagnosis and, consequently, for the adequate treatment, which has peculiarities of great relevance. In general, VD is related to factors that somehow lead to vascular insufficiency, impairing perfusion in specific areas of the brain, thus causing the most diverse types of deficits, including cognition, memory, behavior, somatic control, among others. others. The diagnostic challenge for dementias, especially for VD, remains in the scientific community. Due to the high prevalence and incidence of the disease, new means are sought every day to achieve an accurate and early diagnosis.