An Analysis of the Distribution and Spatiality of Official Rainfall Stations in Brazil. Emphasis on the Amazon Hydrographic Region

• DOI: 10.22533/at.ed.3173162311054

• Palavras-chave: Pluviometry; Brazilian Hydrometeorological Network; Amazon Hydrographic Region

• Keywords: Pluviometry; Brazilian Hydrometeorological Network; Amazon Hydrographic Region

• Abstract:

  Due to the importance of the Amazon as an environmental entity, whose hydrodynamics are essential in its natural systems, and considering that rainfall monitoring is essential to better understand these phenomena, this work aimed at synthesizing knowledge about the numbers of water resources of the Amazon through a bibliographic review, and ascertained the number, spatiality, and history of official rainfall stations in the Amazon Hydrographic Brazilian Region (RHAMZ). We bring to light information obtained from the metadata analysis of the number of official stations between the years 1910 and 2019, obtained from the National System of Information on Water Resources (SNIRH). The RHAMZ is the largest Hydrographic Region in Brazil, corresponding to about 62.5% of the area of the Amazon basin and 45.4% of the national territory, where approximately 82% of the waters of the Brazilian hydrography flow. Some of our findings indicate that only 6.22% of the 12,518 official rainfall stations are in the RHAMZ. And that 93.5% are under 40 years old. There has been significant progress in the historical implementation of rainfall stations since the 2000s. However, in the scope of achieving excellence in the quantity and distribution of these stations, scientific research is faced with logistical and infrastructure problems.