Postpartum Bipolar Disorder: A Literature Review

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.5157282602045

• Palavras-chave: bipolar disorder; postpartum period; maternal mental health.

• Keywords: bipolar disorder; postpartum period; maternal mental health.

• Abstract:

  The postpartum period is considered a phase of high vulnerability for the development or exacerbation of psychiatric disorders. Among these conditions, bipolar disorder is of particular relevance due to the high risk of depressive, manic, and psychotic episodes following childbirth. Early identification of this condition is essential to reduce maternal complications, impairment of the mother-infant bond, and the risk of suicide. The present study aims to review the scientific literature regarding the occurrence, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and implications of bipolar disorder in the postpartum period. This is a narrative literature review conducted by consulting the scientific databases PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar, using search terms related to bipolar disorder and the postpartum period. The results demonstrate that the postpartum period represents a critical time for relapse in women with a history of bipolar disorder, especially in the first weeks after childbirth. Abrupt hormonal changes, sleep deprivation, and psychosocial factors contribute to mood instability. A strong association is also observed between bipolar disorder and postpartum psychosis, considered a psychiatric emergency. It is concluded that systematic screening and multidisciplinary follow-up are essential for early diagnosis and appropriate management of these patients, aiming to reduce maternal and neonatal risks.