Therapeutic potential of gene editing to fight cancer - using CRISPR-Cas9

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.15952025240415

• Palavras-chave: CRISPR-Cas9, Cell and gene therapy, Gene editing, Cancer, Biomedicine.

• Keywords: CRISPR-Cas9, Cell and gene therapy, Gene editing, Cancer, Biomedicine.

• Abstract:

  Objective: The aim of this study was to review the therapeutic potential of gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 technology in the treatment of cancer, analyzing its application in the inactivation of oncogenes, reactivation of tumor suppressor genes, modulation of the tumor microenvironment and the development of preclinical models. Methodology: An exploratory and qualitative literature review was carried out. The data was obtained from databases such as PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Lilacs (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences), Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Google Scholar, Regional Council of Biomedicine and Federal Council of Biomedicine. The search included studies in Portuguese, English and Spanish and focused on the central theme "Therapeutic potential of gene editing to fight cancer - use of CRISPR-Cas9". The key terms used for the search included: "advanced genetic technologies", "history of CRISPR-Cas9", "cell and gene therapy", "gene editing", "CRISPR-Cas9", "cancer treatment". Final considerations: CRISPR-Cas9 technology has revolutionized biotechnology and has great potential in cancer treatment, allowing precise genomic editing such as silencing oncogenes, reactivating suppressor genes and modifying immune cells. In this context, biomedical professionals play a crucial role in the development of research aimed at creating new technologies, promoting the evolution of biomedicine. Despite promising advances in pre-clinical and clinical studies, there are still challenges such as off-target effects, low repair efficiency, immune responses and limitations in gene delivery. As research progresses, CRISPR-Cas9 could become a pillar of precision medicine in oncology.