THE USE OF MICROREACTORS FOR OFF GRID APPLICTION IN THE NEAR FUTURE
THE USE OF MICROREACTORS FOR OFF GRID APPLICTION IN THE NEAR FUTURE
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.317582501105
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Palavras-chave: : Microreactores,pequenos reatores modulares, tubos de calor, metais alcalinos, conversores Stirling, estruturas Wick
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Keywords: : Microreactor, Small modular reactor, Heat pipe, Alkali metal, Stirling converter, Wick structure
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Abstract: Nowadays, nuclear energy market suppliers are focused on reducing electric power generation, which is partially due to high costs and complicated licensing processes for new plants exceeding 5 GW. Following the Paris Agreement, there has been a shift in the country’s economic opinion toward net-zero carbon targets. In particular, Georgia’s Vogtle had an $18 billion overrun and Somerset’s Hinkley Point C was delayed to 2031, incurring an additional $26 billion, prompting consideration of small modular reactor alternatives. Currently, microreactors are developed using coolants such as liquid metal, helium gas, or molten salt. Some use passive heat pipes for heat transfer whereas others use helium gas due to its high-temperature compatibility. To date, none of the operating reactors use these technologies for power generation. Hence, nuclear regulations are developing new safety criteria and licensing processes for microreactor design certification, construction, and operation. Microreactors are inexpensive, highly efficient, straightforward in construction, effectively transfer mass and heat, and they can produce power from less than 1 MW to 20 MW. Microreactors offer advantages such as flexibility, adaptability, mobility, and resilience, and they operate on a free power grid. Westinghouse has designed eVinci™, which uses a thermal spectrum to generate power ranging from 200 kW to 5 MW using a high-temperature heat pipe and sodium as the working fluid. Spatial microreactors operate at high temperatures, initially promising to reach a temperature of 650–700 °C. Innovative microreactor concepts have been introduced, involving enriched uranium fuel, heat pipes, passive cooling, and thermoelectric conversion.
- Daniel de Souza Gomes