TÉCNICAS CIRÚRGICAS PARA REALIZAÇÃO DE COLECISTECTOMIAS LAPAROTÔMICAS E LAPAROSCÓPICAS
TÉCNICAS CIRÚRGICAS PARA REALIZAÇÃO DE COLECISTECTOMIAS LAPAROTÔMICAS E LAPAROSCÓPICAS
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.82082926200514
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Palavras-chave: Colecistectomia. Colelitíase. Cirurgia laparoscópica. Colecistite aguda. Tratamento cirúrgico.
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Keywords: Cholecystectomy. Cholelithiasis. Laparoscopic surgery. Acute cholecystitis. Surgical treatment.
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Abstract: In addition to being one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in daily practice, cholecystectomy also constitutes the definitive treatment for cholelithiasis and its complications. The video-laparoscopic approach has been consolidated as the gold standard in the treatment of this pathology due to its advantages related to less postoperative pain, reduced hospital stay, accelerated recovery, and lower complication rates when compared to the laparotomic technique. However, open cholecystectomy remains important in some complex cases, especially in the face of severe inflammation, anatomical alterations, suspected malignancy, or, if necessary, intraoperative conversion. The present study aimed to review the literature regarding the main indications, surgical techniques, outcomes, and alternatives related to cholecystectomy. This is a literature review prepared from scientific articles obtained from the PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases. The analyzed studies demonstrate that laparoscopic cholecystectomy presents lower rates of morbidity and mortality, in addition to better aesthetic and functional results. However, factors such as severe acute cholecystitis, extensive adhesions, obesity, advanced age, and anatomical alterations can increase surgical complexity and the need for conversion to laparotomy. There are also other therapeutic alternatives, such as percutaneous cholecystostomy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, indicated in specific cases. Finally, the choice of surgical approach must be individualized, considering the patient's clinical conditions, the severity of the disease, available resources, and the experience of the surgical team, aiming for greater safety and better postoperative outcomes.
- ISABELLA AZEVEDO CARDELIQUIO CANTARELLI
- MIGUEL JOSUE PITTA RODRIGUES FERREIRA DE MORAES
- Nayanne Fraga Ribeiro
- ROGÉRIO LUPORINI