Solução Salina 0,9% versus Ringer Lactato na Reposição de Fluidos na Cetoacidose Diabética em Pediatria e Suas Complicações: Uma Revisão Bibliográfica
Solução Salina 0,9% versus Ringer Lactato na Reposição de Fluidos na Cetoacidose Diabética em Pediatria e Suas Complicações: Uma Revisão Bibliográfica
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.82081725081014
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Palavras-chave: cetoacidose diabética, pediatria, solução salina, ringer lactato
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Keywords: diabetic ketoacidosis, pediatrics, saline solution, Ringer's lactate
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Abstract: Saline Solution 0.9% versus Ringer's Lactate in Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis Fluid Resuscitation and Complications: A Literature Review Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a severe metabolic emergency, especially in pediatrics, characterized by hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketonemia/ketonuria. It is often associated with the initial diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). An estimated 15-25% of children with T1DM in Brazil present with DKA at the time of diagnosis, with a global incidence varying from 15 to 70 cases per 100,000 children per year, especially in countries with limited access to medical care. DKA results in dehydration associated with electrolyte imbalances, leading to a risk of neurological complications, such as cerebral edema, which occurs in 0.3–1% of cases, with a mortality rate of up to 30%. Fluid replacement is essential to correct hypovolemia, improve tissue perfusion, reduce hyperglycemia, and facilitate insulin action. A literature review was conducted using 17 references from scientific articles published between 2018 and 2025, with an emphasis on DKA treatment, the differences between 0.9% saline solution (0.9% NS) and Ringer's lactate (RL) during management, and associated complications in the pediatric population. The sources converge toward a growing preference for RL, especially in the maintenance phase, due to reduced hyperchloremia and a faster resolution of DKA. However, 0.9% NS remains essential in emergencies due to its widespread availability. This review reinforces the importance of an evidence-based approach, balancing clinical effectiveness and accessibility to improve the survival and quality of life of children with DKA.
- CLARISSA SCANDELARI
- Jessica Carvalho Moisés