Smart Imaging in Neurological Emergencies: Challenges and Innovations in AI-Driven Diagnosis
Smart Imaging in Neurological Emergencies: Challenges and Innovations in AI-Driven Diagnosis
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1595262514072
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Palavras-chave: Inteligência Artificial, Neurorradiologia, Diagnóstico por Imagem em Emergências, Emergências Neurológicas
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Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Neuroradiology, Imaging Diagnosis in Emergencies, Neurological Emergencies
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Abstract: Introduction: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into neuroradiology has emerged as a transformative advancement, particularly in the context of neurological emergencies. AI algorithms, encompassing machine learning and deep learning techniques, have shown potential in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, accelerating image interpretation, and optimizing workflow efficiency. These advances are crucial in acute settings, where rapid and precise diagnoses are essential. Moreover, it is important to understand the challenges and possibilities of implementing these tools in public healthcare systems, such as Brazil's Unified Health System (SUS). Objective: This review aims to provide neuroradiologists with a comprehensive overview of recent advances in AI applications for imaging diagnosis in neurological emergencies. It seeks to elucidate the current capabilities, limitations, and future perspectives of AI integration in emergency neuroradiology. Methods: For the construction of this narrative literature review, an extensive search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases, focusing on publications from the last five years. Relevant studies were selected on AI applications in imaging diagnosis of neurological emergencies, including stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and intracranial hemorrhage. Retrospective and prospective studies, as well as reviews and meta-analyses, were considered. Results and Discussion: AI applications have shown promise in several aspects of emergency neuroradiology. In stroke imaging, algorithms have been developed for the rapid detection of large vessel occlusions and automated calculation of the ASPECTS score, facilitating timely interventions. For traumatic brain injuries, AI assists in identifying intracranial hemorrhages and skull fractures, increasing diagnostic confidence. Additionally, AI has been instrumental in case triage, prioritization of critical findings, and reducing report turnaround times. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, such as the need for large and diverse datasets for training, integration with existing workflows, and ensuring algorithm transparency and interpretability. Conclusion: AI holds significant potential to enhance imaging diagnosis in neurological emergencies. Its integration into neuroradiological practice can improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. However, careful consideration of implementation challenges and ongoing validation is essential to fully realize its benefits.
- Vivian Gomes da Silva Oliveira
- Márcio Antônio Lyra Quintaes Junior
- Danielle Furtado de Oliveira
- Nathalia Lopez Duarte