RISK OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN WOMEN WITH A HISTORY OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES: ASSOCIATED FACTORS, PREVENTION STRATEGIES AND CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.159552515011

• Palavras-chave: Diabetes Mellitus 2, Women, Pregnancy, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

• Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus 2, Women, Pregnancy, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

• Abstract:

  Objective: To assess the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), investigating associated factors such as time to development of the disease after childbirth, influence of clinical factors and effectiveness of preventive interventions through a systematic literature review. Methodology: This is a structured literature review based on the PVO strategy. The search was carried out in the PubMed/MEDLINE database, using the terms "type 2 diabetes mellitus" and "gestational diabetes", combined with the Boolean operators AND, OR and NOT. Eighteen articles were selected for detailed analysis. Results: Women with a history of GDM have a significantly higher risk of developing T2DM compared to those who did not have the condition during pregnancy. Identified risk factors include maternal age over 35, family history of DM2, and fasting glucose between 100-125 mg/dL. In addition, pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy increase the risk of progression to T2DM. Pharmacological and behavioral interventions have been investigated as effective strategies to prevent this progression. Final considerations: It is essential to implement an early and structured approach to optimize the treatment of GDM and reduce the risk of progression to T2DM. Pharmacological interventions should be further studied as adjuvant treatments, as well as effective strategies for adherence to postpartum screening, including the use of digital technologies and personalized health programs. Further studies are needed to strengthen this evidence and guide more effective clinical practices.