Cardiovascular Risk During Menopause

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.51572122610068

• Palavras-chave: menopause; cardiovascular risk; cardiovascular diseases; estrogen; women’s health.

• Keywords: menopause; cardiovascular risk; cardiovascular diseases; estrogen; women’s health.

• Abstract:

  Menopause represents a major physiological transition in a woman’s life, marked by the definitive cessation of ovarian activity and a consequent reduction in estrogen levels. This hormonal change is associated with various metabolic and cardiovascular changes that contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of female mortality worldwide. The present study aims to analyze the main factors related to increased cardiovascular risk during menopause, addressing pathophysiological aspects, associated risk factors, and preventive strategies. This is a narrative review of the literature, based on scientific articles published in national and international databases. The findings demonstrate that estrogen deficiency leads to changes in lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, increased visceral adiposity, endothelial dysfunction, and a greater predisposition to hypertension. Furthermore, factors such as a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, and poor diet exacerbate this risk. It was also observed that hormone therapy may offer cardiovascular benefits when prescribed on an individualized basis and initiated early. It is concluded that the menopausal period requires multidisciplinary care, with a focus on cardiovascular prevention, health promotion, and early diagnosis of risk factors, with the aim of reducing morbidity and mortality among women.