RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND ADVANCES IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS: FOCUS ON EPIDEMIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND TREATMENT IN THE CONTEXT

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1595425140110

• Palavras-chave: Atopic dermatitis, Pediatrics, Treatment.

• Keywords: Atopic dermatitis, Pediatrics, Treatment.

• Abstract:

  Objective: To review and synthesize the most recent advances in the understanding of atopic dermatitis in children and adolescents, with a specific focus on epidemiological aspects, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and effective therapeutic approaches, in order to provide an informed basis for future clinical strategies. Methodology: Bibliographic review developed using the PubMed database according to the search strategy: ("Pediatric atopic dermatitis") OR (((children) OR (pediatric)) AND (atopic) AND (dermatitis)) AND (treatment)), resulting in 2226 articles. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 articles published between 2019 and 2024 were included. Discussion: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by intense pruritus, erythema, papules and nodules, whose pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving genetic, immunological and environmental factors. In recent years, therapeutic advances have focused on the development of innovative biological treatments, such as monoclonal antibodies targeting type 2 inflammation, which plays a central role in perpetuating inflammation in AD. These therapies have shown significant efficacy in reducing exacerbations, controlling lesions and reducing infectious complications, as well as improving the quality of life of pediatric patients. Final considerations: There are still gaps in the management of AD due to the limited availability of licensed therapies and the lack of specific biomarkers. These limitations highlight the need for longitudinal studies and further research into more effective and precise therapeutic approaches. Personalization of treatment, coupled with the active involvement of the family in daily care, is fundamental to improving clinical stages and enhancing patients' quality of life.