QUEIMADURAS OFTALMOLÓGICAS POR COMPOSTOS ALCALINOS: FISIOPATOLOGIA, MANEJO E CONSCIENTIZAÇÃO DOS CUIDADOS OCULARES
QUEIMADURAS OFTALMOLÓGICAS POR COMPOSTOS ALCALINOS: FISIOPATOLOGIA, MANEJO E CONSCIENTIZAÇÃO DOS CUIDADOS OCULARES
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.8208112530052
-
Palavras-chave: Queimaduras oculares. Emergência. Urgência.
-
Keywords: Eye burns. Emergency. Urgency.
-
Abstract: Introduction: Eye burns are of crucial importance in the context of urgency and emergency, because the initial approach can prevent more serious injuries. It is crucial to recognize that burns, especially those caused by chemicals, pose a significant threat to eye health. Highlighting the need for appropriate immediate intervention can make a difference in vision preservation and patient quality of life. Objective: To analyze the pathophysiology of eye burns by alkali, discuss management and promote awareness about its prevention and proper care. Methodology: A literature review was made, searching for scientific productions in the PubMed and Scielo databases, in English and Portuguese, between the years 2000 and 2022, through the descriptors "eye burns", "burns AND eyes" and "chemical eye burn". Results: Chemical eye burns occur more in adult men, especially those who work with alkali in construction sites or with cleaning products. These products cause a liquefaction necrosis, through the saponification of fatty acids of superficial cell membranes, disrupting functionality, leading to death and making internal structures more susceptible to degradation. Management includes continuous eye washing as essential, along with the removal of particles on the ocular surface; for epithelial defects, artificial tears and epidermal growth factors are administered, while topical corticosteroids can be used to control inflammation. The prevention of complications can be done by measuring intraocular pressure and cycloplegic drugs. Surgical management will be performed in severe lesions and include amniotic membrane transplantation, tenoplasty and debridement of necrotic tissue. Conclusion: In the context of urgency and emergency, the correct initial intervention in cases of eye burns is crucial to prevent serious damage and preserve vision. It is essential to recognize the importance of immediate approach and knowledge of appropriate measures, which can have a significant impact on patients' quality of life. Awareness of the need for rapid and effective action in the face of this ophthalmological emergency is essential to ensure the best possible result and minimize long-term complications.
- Renata Araújo Varela Ayres de Melo
- Manoela Alves Bezerra Lins