Psychological Impact and Quality of Life in Patients Who Received Solid Organ Transplantation

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1594522405064

• Palavras-chave: Transplant Psychiatry; Immunosuppressive Therapy; Transplant Recipients; Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL).

• Keywords: Transplant Psychiatry; Immunosuppressive Therapy; Transplant Recipients; Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL).

• Abstract: INTRODUCTION Solid organ transplantation, including kidney, liver, and heart transplants, has become increasingly prevalent, with significant improvements in surgical techniques and immunosuppressive therapies enhancing survival rates. Despite these advancements, patients face numerous challenges, including the psychological burden of chronic illness prior to transplantation, immediate post-transplant psychological reactions, and long-term adjustment issues. The importance of pre-transplant psychological evaluation and the impact of immunosuppressive therapy on mental health are crucial aspects of patient care. The role of support systems and the measurement of quality-of-life indicators are essential for understanding the overall well-being of transplant recipients. This study aims to address the existing gaps in research by providing a comprehensive review of the psychological and quality of life outcomes in patients who have undergone solid organ transplantation. OBJETIVE To comprehensively evaluate the psychological impact and quality of life in patients who have received solid organ transplants, with a focus on identifying key factors that influence mental health outcomes and overall well-being post-transplant. METHODS This is a narrative review which included studies in the MEDLINE – PubMed (National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health), COCHRANE, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases, using as descriptors: “Psychological Impact” AND “Quality of Life” AND “Solid Organ Transplantation” AND “Mental Health” AND “Post-Transplant Adjustment” in the last years. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The study found a high prevalence of anxiety and depression among post-transplant patients, significantly impacting their quality of life and graft survival. Pre-transplant psychological state plays a critical role in post-transplant outcomes, highlighting the need for comprehensive psychological assessments. Immunosuppressive therapy, essential for preventing organ rejection, often leads to mood disorders and cognitive impairments, necessitating regular mental health evaluations. While physical health typically improves post-transplant, psychological and social dimensions of quality of life may not show the same level of improvement. Medication adherence is closely linked to better psychological outcomes, whereas non-adherence correlates with increased mental health issues and poorer graft survival. Social support, including family, friends, and healthcare professionals, is crucial for improving psychological resilience. The study also noted differences in psychological impact among various types of organ transplants and highlighted the significant influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors on psychological outcomes. Gender differences were evident, with female patients experiencing higher levels of anxiety and depression. The effectiveness of patient education and support groups was emphasized, along with the growing role of telemedicine in providing psychological support. CONCLUSION The psychological impact and quality of life in patients who have received solid organ transplants are influenced by multiple factors, including the prevalence of anxiety and depression, pre-transplant psychological state, and the impact of immunosuppressive therapy. Social support and tailored interventions are essential for improving overall quality of life. Addressing socioeconomic and cultural factors, along with gender differences, is crucial for designing effective psychological support programs. Integrating psychological care into transplant patient management through multidisciplinary care teams can significantly enhance patient outcomes. Future research should continue to explore and refine strategies tailored to the diverse needs of transplant patients, ensuring a holistic approach to their care.