MAIN TRANSOPERATIVE AND POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC CALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE CHOLECYSTECTOMY

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.558582507059

• Palavras-chave: Transoperative complications, Postoperative complications, Chronic calculous cholecystitis and Elective cholecystectomy.

• Keywords: Transoperative complications, Postoperative complications, Chronic calculous cholecystitis and Elective cholecystectomy.

• Abstract:

  Cholelithiasis is a condition with a high prevalence in the general population with a variable incidence according to the study population. In Mexico it is the first cause of consultation in general surgery, being cholecystectomy the most frequent surgical intervention performed in this same service. Most cholelithiasis are clinically silent, however, 40% of the carriers of this entity will present symptoms and up to 12% of these patients will experience complications, the most frequent being acute cholecystitis. Objective: To identify the main transoperative and postoperative complications in patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy. Material and methods. A retrospective descriptive, observational study was performed from the clinical records of patients with Chronic Lithiasic Cholecystitis undergoing Elective Cholecystectomy in a General Hospital during the period from January 2020 to December 2024. Results. Seventy patients were included. The median age of the patients at the time of the study was 43 years (Range= 18-75) and a mean of 42.3 years (S.D= 14.4); more than 65% of the included patients were female and 34.3% were male. 58.6% (29 patients) had some complication and only 41.4% (41 patients) had no complications associated with elective cholecystectomy. Only 21.4% of the cases presented complications during surgery (15 patients); fourteen patients with abdominal sepsis, 5 of them with acute renal injury and only one patient presented cardiorespiratory arrest. And 37.1% (26 of the 70 patients) had post-surgical complications, 4 patients had incisional hernia, 2 patients had acute kidney injury, 6 patients had wound abscess, 5 patients had wound dehiscence, 6 patients had intra-abdominal abscess and only one patient had cardiorespiratory arrest which was the only mortality event of the study.  The median hospitalization time was 10 days, but the patients who presented surgical complications the time of surgery increased. Conclusions. Cholecystectomy is a very common condition in our environment, it represents the most frequent complication of cholecystolithiasis, and continues to predominate in the female sex with a ratio of 3:1. The results we found indicate that early cholecystectomy has a lower risk of complications both transoperative and postoperative, shorter duration of surgery and lower conversion rate. The ideal time to perform cholecystectomy in patients with cholecystectomy,  on the results found in our study, suggest that early cholecystectomy could be considered as the first choice for the surgical treatment of this condition, since it would help us to avoid readmissions and decrease the possible complications secondary to this pathology.