Potential Epigenetic Candidates for Early Biomarkers in Ovarian Cancer: A Literature Review.

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1594972405111

• Palavras-chave: Inteligência artificial, biomarcadores, câncer de ovário, diagnóstico precoce.

• Keywords: Artificial intelligence, biomarkers, ovarian cancer, early diagnosis.

• Abstract: Ovarian cancer remains one of the most challenging malignancies to detect at an early stage, often resulting in delayed diagnosis and high lethality. This literature review examines potential epigenetic candidates as biomarkers for early detection, with a particular focus on those with higher accuracy and reproducibility in early stages of ovarian cancer. Despite the limited specificity of CA125 in early detection, its combination with HE4 showed improved performance in stage II cases, suggesting a potential diagnostic enhancement when used together. Exploring epigenetic mechanisms, especially the role of miRNAs such as miR29b and miR199a, shows promise in identifying prognostic markers, offering insights into patient outcomes based on favorable or unfavorable genetic profiles. Furthermore, the review highlights the need for a broader study of endocrine disruptors and the integration of advanced imaging techniques, such as ultrasound, in association with CA125 and HE4, aiming to refine early detection and risk assessment strategies. These findings highlight the potential for epigenetic biomarkers to play a significant role in the early detection and treatment of ovarian cancer, paving the way for improved diagnostic approaches.