PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES IN THE USE OF OZEMPIC AND MOUNJARO IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC DISEASES: AN UPDATED REVIEW

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1594912414109

• Palavras-chave: Ozempic, Mounjaro, metabolic diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, GLP-1 agonists, GIP agonists.

• Keywords: Ozempic, Mounjaro, metabolic diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, GLP-1 agonists, GIP agonists.

• Abstract:

  This article presents a comprehensive review of the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as Ozempic (semaglutide), and dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists, such as Mounjaro (tirzepatide), in the treatment of metabolic diseases, with a primary focus on type 2 diabetes and obesity. The analysis details the mechanisms of action of these drugs, which mimic the action of the GLP-1 hormone, resulting in an effective reduction in blood glucose levels and promoting weight loss.
  GLP-1 agonists, such as Ozempic, work by stimulating insulin secretion and inhibiting the release of glucagon, which is crucial for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition, these drugs have been shown to be effective in reducing appetite and promoting satiety, factors that contribute significantly to weight loss. Mounjaro, on the other hand, combines the action of GLP-1 with that of GIP, further enhancing these effects and offering a promising alternative for patients who do not respond adequately to other treatments. The review also looks at recent data from clinical trials and meta-analyses proving the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs. The results indicate that both Ozempic and Mounjaro are capable of providing significant reductions in HbA1c levels and body weight, as well as improving important metabolic parameters. However, despite the promising short-term results, long-term use of these drugs raises concerns about possible adverse effects, such as pancreatitis and gallbladder problems. Adherence to treatment can be challenging due to common gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea and vomiting, which often occur at the start of therapy. Therefore, close medical follow-up is essential to monitor the response to treatment and adjust doses as necessary. In addition, personalizing treatment is highlighted as a crucial factor in maximizing the benefits of GLP-1 and GIP agonists. Considering aspects such as genetic predisposition, clinical history and comorbidities can help optimize results and minimize risks associated with prolonged use of these therapies. Finally, future research should focus not only on comparing different drug combinations, but also on analyzing the long-term effects of these therapies. Although GLP-1 and GIP agonists represent a significant advance in the clinical management of metabolic diseases, issues related to long-term safety still need to be addressed to ensure that these treatments are used as effectively and safely as possible.