Clinical and epidemiological profile associated with the evolution and outcome of patients undergoing surgery for perforated peptic ulcer in a tertiary hospital in the Federal District

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.5157126020115

• Palavras-chave: perforated peptic ulcer, surgical emergency, morbidity and mortality, laparotomy, abdominal sepsis.

• Keywords: perforated peptic ulcer, surgical emergency, morbidity and mortality, laparotomy, abdominal sepsis.

• Abstract:

  Considering the high morbidity and mortality associated with perforated peptic ulcer, especially in contexts of late diagnosis and the presence of comorbidities, it is essential to understand the clinical profile and factors associated with the outcomes of this condition in public health services. The objective is to evaluate the clinical-epidemiological profile, clinical and surgical characteristics, and hospital outcomes of patients undergoing surgery for perforated peptic ulcer at a tertiary hospital in the Federal District. To this end, an observational, descriptive, retrospective, and quantitative study was conducted based on the analysis of medical records of adult patients who underwent laparotomy for ulcer perforation between 2019 and 2024. Demographic, clinical, diagnostic, surgical, and outcome variables were analyzed. Thus, a predominance of males, an average age of approximately 50 years, and a high frequency of risk factors such as smoking, alcoholism, and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were observed. The most commonly used surgical technique was ulcer repair associated with omental patch. Hospital mortality was 13%, mainly associated with advanced age, female gender, presence of cardiovascular disease, postoperative complications, and the need for surgical reintervention. This allows us to conclude that clinical severity at admission and postoperative evolution are central determinants of prognosis, reinforcing the importance of early recognition and adequate management of abdominal sepsis.