Oxigenoterapia em unidades de emergência: práticas, desafios e recomendações
Oxigenoterapia em unidades de emergência: práticas, desafios e recomendações
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.8208182509104
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Palavras-chave: Oxigenoterapia; Unidades de Emergência; Hiperóxia; Protocolos Clínicos.
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Keywords: Oxygen Therapy; Emergency Department; Hyperoxia; Clinical Protocols.
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Abstract: Objective: To systematically review the literature on current practices, challenges and recommendations related to oxygen therapy in emergency departments (ED). Methods: Systematic review of scientific literature published between 2001 and 2025, including original studies, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and guidelines on oxygen therapy in the emergency context. Results: The analysis revealed inappropriate use of oxygen in EDs, with liberal administration even in non-hypoxemic patients, resulting in hyperoxia and potentially increased mortality. Studies demonstrated low adherence to protocols and insufficient knowledge among healthcare professionals regarding indications, administration methods, and saturation targets. Implementation of algorithms and protocols significantly reduced inappropriate oxygen use without increasing mortality, while reducing costs and length of stay. Modalities such as high-flow nasal oxygen demonstrated benefits in reducing respiratory rate and improving comfort, while apneic oxygenation increased intubation success and reduced hypoxemia. Conclusions: Oxygen therapy is essential in the ED but requires judicious use based on clear protocols. International guidelines recommend prescriptions with specific saturation targets, continuous monitoring, and continuing education. Implementation of protocols, combined with professional training, represents a fundamental strategy to ensure safety and effectiveness in emergency care.
- Caio Henrique Veloso da Costa