Oropouche Virus: A Silent Arboviral Threat on the Rise and Its Implications for Emerging Risk Zones in Central Brazil

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1595322621014

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• Abstract:

  The emergence and spread of the Oropouche virus (OROV) in Brazil and the Americas represent a growing challenge for epidemiological surveillance, particularly in areas historically considered low risk, such as the state of Goiás. Introduction: OROV is an arbovirus of the Orthobunyavirus genus associated with acute fever transmitted mainly by Culicoides paraensis, with symptoms similar to those of dengue and other arboviruses, making clinical diagnosis difficult. Objectives: This study aims to describe the recent epidemiological landscape of the Oropouche virus, assess the potential risk to the state of Goiás, and analyze implications for regional public health. Methodology: A systematic review of scientific literature, epidemiological reports from international and national organizations (PAHO/WHO, Ministry of Health), and entomological analyses were conducted to map the distribution of the vector and confirmed cases. Results: The data show a substantial increase in cases in Brazil since 2023, with autochthonous transmission in multiple states, although Goiás has not yet registered local transmission but has environmental conditions favorable to the vector. Perspectives: Integrated surveillance, strengthening of laboratory diagnostics, and research on vector competence and transmission dynamics are essential for mitigating future risks.