Ocular Manifestations of Dengue: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology and Clinical Outcomes

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.1594492431058

• Palavras-chave: Dengue; Ocular Manifestations; Retinal Hemorrhages; Vision Impairment

• Keywords: Dengue; Ocular Manifestations; Retinal Hemorrhages; Vision Impairment

• Abstract: INTRODUCTION Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne disease caused by the dengue virus, affects millions worldwide, particularly in tropical regions. It manifests with a wide range of symptoms, including severe ocular complications such as uveitis, retinitis, and maculopathy, which can significantly impact patients' quality of life. Understanding the pathophysiology, prevalence, and diagnostic approaches to these ocular manifestations is crucial for improving patient outcomes. OBJETIVE To provide a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of ocular manifestations in dengue fever, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in improving patient outcomes. METHODS This is a narrative review which included studies in the MEDLINE – PubMed (National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health), COCHRANE, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases, using as descriptors: “Dengue Fever” AND “Ocular Complications” AND “Uveitis” AND “Retinitis” AND “Maculopathy” AND “Optic Neuropathy” in the last years.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Ocular manifestations of dengue include various conditions like anterior and posterior uveitis, retinal hemorrhages, and optic neuropathy, often linked to the severity of systemic infection. The pathophysiological mechanisms involve direct viral invasion, immune-mediated inflammation, and vascular damage. Advanced diagnostic tools like OCT and FA are essential for accurate assessment, while treatment primarily involves corticosteroids and supportive care. Risk factors for severe ocular involvement include severe dengue and secondary infections. Long-term visual outcomes vary, with early intervention being critical for preventing permanent damage. Geographic and demographic variations, as well as co-infections, further influence the clinical presentation and management of ocular dengue. CONCLUSION Dengue-related ocular complications represent a significant yet often overlooked aspect of the disease, necessitating comprehensive clinical awareness and timely management. Preventive measures, advanced diagnostics, and targeted therapies are vital for mitigating these complications and improving patient outcomes. Future research should focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms and developing novel therapeutic strategies to enhance the care of dengue patients with ocular involvement.